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Laravel 用户认证

2022-04-21

在Laravel 6.v当中，为我们提供了一个与以往不同的认证模块，即Laravel/ui，Laravel/ui主要提供了用户认证视图以及Laravel的支持等，以及配合Laravel自带的邮件发送功能实现了用户注册、用户登录、用户验证以及保护路由等。

构建项目

在使用Laravel/ui之前，我们需要构建一个Laravel项目且保证可以正常的运行和访问即可执行下一步操作：

composer create-project laravel/laravel=”6.0” test_webapp

Laravel/ui


写到这一些读者特别是使用过Laravel 5左右的读者就会产生疑问，Laravel不是使用 Larave/auto？为什么到Laravel 6就变成了Laravel/ui了，因为Laravel默认自带了一套Laravel auto，所以我们只需要下载Laravel/ui来进行访问即可：

composer require laravel/ui “^1.0” –dev
php artisan ui vue –auth

数据库迁移

所谓数据库迁移，就是说你在php类当中定义过的数据库字段以及表迁移到你本地的数据库之中，在迁移的之前，我们需要修改其数据库配置文件：

.env

如果当前项目没有.env文件，且通过git形式进行拉去的，你需要通过cp .env.axample .env进行重构env文件，之后配置其数据：

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DB_CONNECTION=mysql
DB_HOST=127.0.0.1
DB_PORT=3306 
DB_DATABASE=test
DB_USERNAME=root
DB_PASSWORD=toor

database.php

database.php类在config目录下，我们需要更改其mysql的配置信息主要包括数据库、账号、密码、等：

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'mysql' => [
    'driver' => 'mysql',
    'url' => env('DATABASE_URL'),
    'host' => env('DB_HOST', '127.0.0.1'),
    'port' => env('DB_PORT', '3306'),
    'database' => env('DB_DATABASE', 'test'),
    'username' => env('DB_USERNAME', 'root'),
    'password' => env('DB_PASSWORD', 'toor'),
    'unix_socket' => env('DB_SOCKET', ''),
    'charset' => 'utf8mb4',
    'collation' => 'utf8mb4_unicode_ci',
    'prefix' => '',
    'prefix_indexes' => true,
    'strict' => true,
    'engine' => null,
    'options' => extension_loaded('pdo_mysql') ? array_filter([
        PDO::MYSQL_ATTR_SSL_CA => env('MYSQL_ATTR_SSL_CA'),
    ]) : [],
],


当以上步骤完成之后，你可以在当前项目下执行php artisan migrate来将数据库迁移到本地数据库内。此时你会产生疑惑，数据库表是从那里来的？答案是在database/migrations目录下的create_user_table.php、create_password_resets.php、create_ailed_jobes_table.php类定义的：

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public function up()
{
    Schema::create('users', function (Blueprint $table) {
        $table->bigIncrements('id');
        $table->string('name');
        $table->string('email')->unique();
        $table->timestamp('email_verified_at')->nullable();
        $table->string('password');
        $table->rememberToken();
        $table->timestamps();
    });
}

邮件样式与布局


当我们使用后发现，Laravel为我们提供的功能还包括了密码重置、邮件发送等功能，所以我们需要修改其SMTP配置与邮件样式：

SMTP 支持

在Laravel之中，我们需要修改SMTP的支持配置文件分别为.env、mail.php两个配置文件内信息：

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MAIL_DRIVER=smtp
MAIL_HOST=smtp.xxx.xxxx.com
MAIL_PORT=25
MAIL_USERNAME=oa@zsun.org.cn
MAIL_PASSWORD=xxxx
MAIL_ENCRYPTION=null
config/mail.php
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<?php

return [

    /*
    |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
    | Mail Driver
    |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
    |
    | Laravel supports both SMTP and PHP's "mail" function as drivers for the
    | sending of e-mail. You may specify which one you're using throughout
    | your application here. By default, Laravel is setup for SMTP mail.
    |
    | Supported: "smtp", "sendmail", "mailgun", "ses",
    |            "postmark", "log", "array"
    |
    */

    'driver' => env('MAIL_DRIVER', 'smtp'),

    /*
    |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
    | SMTP Host Address
    |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
    |
    | Here you may provide the host address of the SMTP server used by your
    | applications. A default option is provided that is compatible with
    | the Mailgun mail service which will provide reliable deliveries.
    |
    */

    'host' => env('MAIL_HOST', 'smtp.ym.163.com'),

    /*
    |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
    | SMTP Host Port
    |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
    |
    | This is the SMTP port used by your application to deliver e-mails to
    | users of the application. Like the host we have set this value to
    | stay compatible with the Mailgun e-mail application by default.
    |
    */

    'port' => env('MAIL_PORT', 25),

    /*
    |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
    | Global "From" Address
    |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
    |
    | You may wish for all e-mails sent by your application to be sent from
    | the same address. Here, you may specify a name and address that is
    | used globally for all e-mails that are sent by your application.
    |
    */

    'from' => [
        'address' => env('MAIL_FROM_ADDRESS', 'oa@zsun.org.cn'),
        'name' => env('MAIL_FROM_NAME', "钟山计算机端口安全联合审核平台"),
    ],

    /*
    |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
    | E-Mail Encryption Protocol
    |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
    |
    | Here you may specify the encryption protocol that should be used when
    | the application send e-mail messages. A sensible default using the
    | transport layer security protocol should provide great security.
    |
    */

    'encryption' => env('MAIL_ENCRYPTION', 'tls'),

    /*
    |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
    | SMTP Server Username
    |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
    |
    | If your SMTP server requires a username for authentication, you should
    | set it here. This will get used to authenticate with your server on
    | connection. You may also set the "password" value below this one.
    |
    */

    'username' => env('MAIL_USERNAME'),

    'password' => env('MAIL_PASSWORD'),

    /*
    |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
    | Sendmail System Path
    |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
    |
    | When using the "sendmail" driver to send e-mails, we will need to know
    | the path to where Sendmail lives on this server. A default path has
    | been provided here, which will work well on most of your systems.
    |
    */

    'sendmail' => '/usr/sbin/sendmail -bs',

    /*
    |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
    | Markdown Mail Settings
    |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
    |
    | If you are using Markdown based email rendering, you may configure your
    | theme and component paths here, allowing you to customize the design
    | of the emails. Or, you may simply stick with the Laravel defaults!
    |
    */

    'markdown' => [
        'theme' => 'default',

        'paths' => [
            resource_path('views/vendor/mail'),
        ],
    ],

    /*
    |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
    | Log Channel
    |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
    |
    | If you are using the "log" driver, you may specify the logging channel
    | if you prefer to keep mail messages separate from other log entries
    | for simpler reading. Otherwise, the default channel will be used.
    |
    */

    'log_channel' => env('MAIL_LOG_CHANNEL'),

];

邮件样式

在默认的情况下，邮件样式存储在Laravel项目中的\vendor\laravel\framework\src\llluminate\Mail\rsources目录下，我们可以通过以下两个命令让其创建在/resources/views/vendor文件下：

php artisan vendor:publish –tag=laravel-notifications
php artisan vendor:publish –tag=laravel-mail

之后在resources/views/vendor/mail下将会生成对应的邮件样式，我们可以分别的进行更改CSS以及blode.php模板文件

修改邮件内容

除了文件样式以外我们还可以修改其默认的邮件内容，邮件的内容我们可以通过编辑/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Auth/Notifications内的Php类来实现。

错误信息


如果你觉得Laravel自带的错误验证消息满足不了你的口味或者说你想来点”自定义“，可以通过修改其vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Auth目录中的类以及app/Http/Controllers/Auth分别进行修改以得到满足。

ResetsPasswords.php

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<?php

namespace Illuminate\Foundation\Auth;

use Illuminate\Auth\Events\PasswordReset;
use Illuminate\Http\Request;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Auth;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Hash;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Password;
use Illuminate\Support\Str;

trait ResetsPasswords
{
    use RedirectsUsers;

    /**
     * Display the password reset view for the given token.
     *
     * If no token is present, display the link request form.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Http\Request  $request
     * @param  string|null  $token
     * @return \Illuminate\Contracts\View\Factory|\Illuminate\View\View
     */
    public function showResetForm(Request $request, $token = null)
    {
        return view('auth.passwords.reset')->with(
            ['token' => $token, 'email' => $request->email]
        );
    }

    /**
     * Reset the given user's password.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Http\Request  $request
     * @return \Illuminate\Http\RedirectResponse|\Illuminate\Http\JsonResponse
     */
    public function reset(Request $request)
    {
        $request->validate($this->rules(), $this->validationErrorMessages());

        // Here we will attempt to reset the user's password. If it is successful we
        // will update the password on an actual user model and persist it to the
        // database. Otherwise we will parse the error and return the response.
        $response = $this->broker()->reset(
            $this->credentials($request), function ($user, $password) {
                $this->resetPassword($user, $password);
            }
        );

        // If the password was successfully reset, we will redirect the user back to
        // the application's home authenticated view. If there is an error we can
        // redirect them back to where they came from with their error message.
        return $response == Password::PASSWORD_RESET
                    ? $this->sendResetResponse($request, $response)
                    : $this->sendResetFailedResponse($request, $response);
    }

    /**
     * Get the password reset validation rules.
     *
     * @return array
     */
    protected function rules()
    {
        return [
            'token' => 'required',
            'email' => 'required|email',
            'password' => 'required|confirmed|min:10',
        ];
    }

    /**
     * Get the password reset validation error messages.
     *
     * @return array
     */
    protected function validationErrorMessages()
    {
        return [
            'required' => ':attribute 必填',
            'email' => '需要以邮箱格式填写',
            'min' => '密码需要等于或大于十位数或以上',
            'confirmed' => '重复密码不正确',
        ];
    }

    /**
     * Get the password reset credentials from the request.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Http\Request  $request
     * @return array
     */
    protected function credentials(Request $request)
    {
        return $request->only(
            'email', 'password', 'password_confirmation', 'token'
        );
    }

    /**
     * Reset the given user's password.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Contracts\Auth\CanResetPassword  $user
     * @param  string  $password
     * @return void
     */
    protected function resetPassword($user, $password)
    {
        $this->setUserPassword($user, $password);

        $user->setRememberToken(Str::random(60));

        $user->save();

        event(new PasswordReset($user));

        $this->guard()->login($user);
    }

    /**
     * Set the user's password.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Contracts\Auth\CanResetPassword  $user
     * @param  string  $password
     * @return void
     */
    protected function setUserPassword($user, $password)
    {
        $user->password = Hash::make($password);
    }

    /**
     * Get the response for a successful password reset.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Http\Request  $request
     * @param  string  $response
     * @return \Illuminate\Http\RedirectResponse|\Illuminate\Http\JsonResponse
     */
    protected function sendResetResponse(Request $request, $response)
    {
        return redirect($this->redirectPath())
                            ->with('status', trans($response));
    }

    /**
     * Get the response for a failed password reset.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Http\Request  $request
     * @param  string  $response
     * @return \Illuminate\Http\RedirectResponse|\Illuminate\Http\JsonResponse
     */
    protected function sendResetFailedResponse(Request $request, $response)
    {
        return redirect()->back()
                    ->withInput($request->only('email'))
                    ->withErrors(['email' => trans($response)]);
    }

    /**
     * Get the broker to be used during password reset.
     *
     * @return \Illuminate\Contracts\Auth\PasswordBroker
     */
    public function broker()
    {
        return Password::broker();
    }

    /**
     * Get the guard to be used during password reset.
     *
     * @return \Illuminate\Contracts\Auth\StatefulGuard
     */
    protected function guard()
    {
        return Auth::guard();
    }
}

RegisterController.php

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<?php

namespace App\Http\Controllers\Auth;

use App\User;
use App\Http\Controllers\Controller;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Hash;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Validator;
use Illuminate\Foundation\Auth\RegistersUsers;

class RegisterController extends Controller
{
    /*
    |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
    | Register Controller
    |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
    |
    | This controller handles the registration of new users as well as their
    | validation and creation. By default this controller uses a trait to
    | provide this functionality without requiring any additional code.
    |
    */

    use RegistersUsers;

    /**
     * Where to redirect users after registration.
     *
     * @var string
     */
    protected $redirectTo = '/home';

    /**
     * Create a new controller instance.
     *
     * @return void
     */
    public function __construct()
    {
        $this->middleware('guest');
    }

    /**
     * Get a validator for an incoming registration request.
     *
     * @param  array  $data
     * @return \Illuminate\Contracts\Validation\Validator
     */
    protected function validator(array $data)
    {
        return Validator::make($data, [
            'name' => ['required', 'string', 'max:255'],
            'email' => ['required', 'string', 'email', 'max:255', 'unique:users'],
            'password' => ['required', 'string', 'min:10', 'confirmed'],
        ], [
            'required' => ':attribute 必填',
            'string' => ':attribute 需以字符串形式',
            'email' => ':attribute 要以邮箱格式',
            'min' => ':attribute 最小十位数',
            'max' => ':attribute 最大不能超过255位',
            'confirmed' => ':attribute 不一致',
            'unique' => ':attribute 邮箱冲突',
        ], [
            'name' => "联合团队账号名称",
            'email' => '邮箱',
            'password' => '密码',
        ]);
    }

    /**
     * Create a new user instance after a valid registration.
     *
     * @param  array  $data
     * @return \App\User
     */
    protected function create(array $data)
    {
        return User::create([
            'name' => $data['name'],
            'email' => $data['email'],
            'password' => Hash::make($data['password']),
        ]);
    }
}
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